Documented mechanisms of action Preclinical studies (mostly Russian, to be reproduced in international protocols) report several mechanistic targets: BDNF increase (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, measured by ELISA and Western blot 24-72 h post-administration Monoaminergic system modulation : cortical dopamine increase, serotonergic modulation Activation of the melanocortin pathway via MC4R receptors (residue shared with ACTH) Anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effect in cerebral ischaemia models (MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion) Experimental paradigms The most reported rodent models are the Morris water maze (spatial memory), novel object recognition (recognition memory), passive avoidance (aversive learning)
Supports immune function and overall wellness
Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of vitamin B12 deficiency are inconsistent and many people are unable to access treatment
Age related changes in weight and the concentrations of zinc and copper in the brain of the adult rat
IV glutathione carries higher risks including vein irritation, infection, and potential drug interactions
Adding Too Much BAC Water and Getting a Useless Concentration Adding 10ml to a 5mg vial gives you 0.5mg/ml