Apostolakos, J., Durant, T
In biochemical and cellular research settings, GHK-Cu modulates cellular signalling processes through both peptide-mediated interactions and copper-dependent biochemical activity
Collectively, these findings suggest that G/D-CuP facilitates macrophage phenotype switching and enhances antioxidant capacity, thereby mitigating inflammation and ultimately accelerating effective wound healing
CONFLICT OF INTEREST The authors declare there is no conflict of interest in the authorship or publication of this manuscript
Proper aseptic handling minimizes the risk of introducing foreign microorganisms, which could invalidate experimental results or compromise the stability of sensitive research materials
This suggests IN delivery lowers mitochondrial metabolic load and shifts the hippocampus into a resilient, low-stress state