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Little information is available on stability, but one study found it to be stable in water between pH 4.5-7.4 at 60C for at least two weeks, suggesting both aqueous and some thermal stability

If not loaded correctly, B12 supplementation may not be sufficient

Its an essential nutrient that the body needs but cannot produce on its own, so it must be obtained through diet or supplements

4maximum elevation of 3/4 of the tail length

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Abbreviations 16S rRNA: 16S Ribosomal RNA ABS: Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ANOVA: Analysis of Variance ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate ATP6: ATP Synthase F0 Subunit 6 BCS: Body Condition Score BSA: Bovine Serum Albumin BW: Body Weight CD44: Cluster of Differentiation 44 CD45: Cluster of Differentiation 45 CD8: Cluster of Differentiation 8 cDNA: Complementary DNA CNS: Cresty Neck Score COX1: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 1 COX2: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 2 COX3: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 3 COX4L1: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4L1 COX4L2: Cytochrome C Oxidase Subunit 4L2 CRP: C-Reactive Protein DNA: Deoxyribonucleic Acid DMEM-LG: Dulbeccos Modified Eagles MediumLow Glucose EMS: Equine Metabolic Syndrome EqASC EMS : Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Horses Affected by EMS EqASC EMS + 50 M SHBG: Adipose-Derived Stem Cells from Horses Affected by EMS Treated with 50 M SHBG EqASC HE : Healthy Adipose-Derived Stem Cells FACS: Flow Cytometry FBS: Fetal Bovine Serum FOXO1: FKHR-Forkhead in Rhabdomyosarcoma GAPDH: Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase GDM: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus GLUT4: Glucose Transporter 4 Gdna: Genomic DNA IFN-: Interferon- IL-1: Interleukin 1 Beta IL-10: Interleukin 10 IL-13: Interleukin 13 IL-4: Interleukin 4 IL-6: Interleukin 6 IR: Insulin Resistance LDH: Lactate Dehydrogenase MFN-1: Mitofusin 1 MIEF: Mitochondrial Elongation Factor 1 MIRO-1: Ras Homolog Family Member T1 (RHOT1) M1: Pro-Inflammatory Macrophages M2: Anti-Inflammatory Macrophages MMP: Mitochondrial Transmembrane Potential mtDNA: Mitochondrial DNA MTERF4: Mitochondrial Transcription Termination Factor 4 NAD: Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide NADH: Reduced Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide M: Nanomole NK: Natural Killer Cells OXA1L: Mitochondrial Inner Membrane Protein OXPHOS: Oxidative Phosphorylation P/S: Penicillin/Streptomycin PARKIN: Parkin RBR E3 Ubiquitin Protein Ligase (PRKN) PBS: Phosphate-Buffered Saline PCR: Polymerase Chain Reaction PFA: Paraformaldehyde PINK: PTEN Induced Putative Kinase 1 PVDF: Polyvinylidene Difluoride RNA: Ribonucleic Acid ROS: Reactive Oxygen Species SDS-PAGE: Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis SHBG: Sex Hormone Binding Globulin TBST: Tris Buffered Saline With Tween-20 T2DM: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus TNF-: Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha UCP-1: Uncoupling Protein 1 Wnt-3: Wnt Family Member 3 References Frank N